The concept of impregnating rotten and decayed wood with epoxy was first introduced by Morgan Phillips, a Columbia University graduate, back in the mid-1970’s during his work at SPNEA ( Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities ). The consolidation method made it into The National Park Services’ Preservation Briefs written in the early 1980s. This concept of consolidation was quickly adopted into the commercial market by several manufacturers of epoxy compounds. Sold under the names such as: epoxy primers, penetrators, stabilizers, wood hardeners, and of course, rot consolidants.